Candle wax stabilized with piperazinones

ABSTRACT

White, dyed, dipped, unscented and/or scented candle wax is effectively stabilized against discoloration and fading by the incorporation therein of a triazine-based piperazinone stabilizer in combination with a UV absorber and/or an antioxidant.

[0001] This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.09/824,194, filed Apr. 02, 2001.

[0002] The instant invention pertains to white, dyed, dipped, unscentedand/or scented candle wax which is effectively stabilized againstdiscoloration and fading by the incorporation therein of a piperazinonein combination with a UV absorber and/or an antioxidant.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Candles have been known for many centuries going back to theeighth century B.C. The nature of candles is described in Ullmann'sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Volume A5 at pages 29-30 where itis seen that candles are made from paraffin, beeswax and stearin asbasic materials, and where a host of additives may also be present.

[0004] It is not surprising that with candles and wax becomingincreasingly more important attention was paid as to how to stabilizethe said materials. At the National Candle Association Meeting inHouston, 1994, R. van der Vennet presented a paper on “Antioxidants inWax-Replacement of BHT” touting the use of Vitamin E (tocopherol) as anantioxidant to prevent the yellowing of wax when oxidized. WO 94/13736describes the same invention.

[0005] EP 359,488 A3 and EP 133,964 B1 describe stabilized waxes used incosmetics where the waxes are the same or similar to those used incandles.

[0006] EP 5,922 A1 describes lip cosmetics where the waxes are useful inlipsticks and are related to those useful in candles.

[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,694 describes in detail transparent gelcandles both in composition and structure. The use of BHT as anantioxidant is mentioned.

[0008] At the National Candle Association Technical Meeting on Apr. 16,1998, F. A. Ballentine et al., presented a paper entitled “InhibitingColor Fading of Dyed Candles with CYASORB® Light Absorbers” in which thegeneral theories of thermal oxidation and photodegradation are discussedalong with data on the effect of light absorbers on color stability ofdyed candle waxes. The light absorbers compared are4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone UV-531; 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenoneUV-9; 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-5365;2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole UV-5411 and2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-2337).

[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,905 teaches dyed and scented candle gelscontaining triblock copolymers and a hydrocarbon oil of high flashpoint. This reference teaches that a light (UV) absorber may be used toimprove the shelf stability of the candle color when exposed to visibleor ultraviolet light. Two preferred absorbers are ethylhexylp-methoxycinnamate (PARSOL® MCX, Roche) and2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (CYASORB® 5411,Cytec).

[0010] WO 00/22037 teaches the stabilization of solid, shaped andcolored wax articles, including candles, using a malonate UV absorberwhich may optionally contain a hindered amine moiety as part of themalonate compound structure. The wax articles are dyed with a variety ofoil soluble dyes and pigments. The samples protected by dimethylp-methoxy-benzylidinemalonate exhibited better resistance todiscoloration that did samples stabilized with selected benzotriazole orbenzophenone UV absorbers.

[0011] Japanese Hei 3-278554 teaches that wax crayons (drawingmaterials) colored by organic pigments can be stabilized by a hinderedamine and/or benzotriazole.

[0012] In respect to wax stabilization, the use of selected hinderedamines and/or benzotriazole UV absorbers is also known in the prior artas seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,530,084; 4,379,721; 4,616,051 and 5,964,905and in copending applications Ser. Nos. 09/495,495, 09/495,496 and09/741,583.

[0013] British 2,333,774 A and WO 00/31069 describe a number of2-oxopiperazinyl derivatives useful for the stabilization of organicmaterials especially polymers and photographic materials.

[0014] U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,167,512 and 4,190,571 describe some2-keto-1,4-diaza-cycloalkanes including piperazinones as lightstabilizers.

[0015] U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,547,538; 4,480,092; 5,026,848 and 5,071,981teach various oxo-piperazinyl-triazines including oligomeric structuresas light stabilizers.

[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 4,240,961 describes the preparation ofpiperazinones.

[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,995 depicts the preparation of stericallyhindered amine ethers where the cyclic ring is inter alia apiperazinone. These compounds are useful as stabilizers.

[0018] U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,033,928; 4,110,304 and 4,123,418 teach interalia that selected piperazinones are useful in protecting epoxy resinsand styrene polymers from degradation.

[0019] None of these references teach the superior performance providedwhen the piperazinone compounds are used in conjunction with a UVabsorber and/or antioxidant to stabilize candle wax.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The object of the invention is to provide for a white andunscented; white and scented; dyed and unscented; dyed and scented;dipped and unscented; or dipped and scented candle wax stabilized by acombination of a piperazinone compound with a UV absorber and/orantioxidant.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE

[0021] The instant invention pertains to a composition which comprises

[0022] (a) candle wax which is white and unscented; white and scented;dyed and unscented; dyed and scented; dipped and unscented; or dippedand scented, and

[0023] (b) an effective stabilizing amount of a combination of

[0024] (i) a piperazinone compound containing a moiety of formula (I)and

[0025] (ii) a UV absorber or an antioxidant, or a UV absorber and anantioxidant

[0026] wherein the ratio by weight of (i) to (ii) is from 10:1 to 1:10,and

[0027] with the proviso that, when the UV absorber is a benzotriazole,said benzotriazole has only a hydrogen atom at the 5-position of thebenzo ring.

[0028] In another embodiment of the instant invention, the piperazinonecompound of component (b)(i) is a compound of formula (II) or (III)

[0029] wherein

[0030] n is 1 or 2,

[0031] p is 1 to 12

[0032] when n is 1,

[0033] G is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl of 2 to 18 carbon atomssubstituted by NH₂, by OH, by halogen, by —OR₆, by4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl or by 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl,or by a mixture of these groups; or G is alkyl of 2 to 18 carbon atomsinterrupted by —O—, by —CO—, by —NH— or by —NR₆— or by a mixture of saidgroups; or G is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by —COOR₇ orby phenyl;

[0034] when n is 2,

[0035] G is alkylene of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenylene of 4 to 12carbon atoms, alkylene of 3 to 15 carbon atoms substituted by one tofour OH or said alkylene interrupted by one to four oxygen atoms; or Gis phenylene, C₁-C₄alkylphenylene, —CO—(CH₂)_(p)—CO—, —COO—, —CONH—,

[0036] —NH— or —NR₆—;

[0037] R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄ are independently alkyl of 1 to 12 of carbonatoms, said alkyl substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups; or R₁ andR₂ together or R₃ and R₄ together or R₁ and R₂ together and R₃ and R₄together are tetramethylene, pentamethylene or pentamethylenesubstituted by methyl;

[0038] R₁′, R₂′, R₃′ and R₄′ and R₁″, R₂″, R₃″ and R₄″ are defined asfor R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄;

[0039] R₅ is hydrogen, oxyl, hydroxyl, cyanoethyl, phenylalkyl of 7 to15 carbon atoms, said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by oneto three radicals selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxyof 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenylalkoxy of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, saidphenylalkoxy substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three radicalsselected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbonatoms, cycloalkoxy of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 8 carbonatoms, alkynyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 24 carbon atoms,alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted by one or twohydroxyl groups, said alkyl substituted by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18carbon atoms, or said alkyl interrupted by one to twenty oxygen atomsand substituted by one hydroxyl, by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18 carbonatoms or by 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyloxy; or R₅ is alkanoyl of1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenoyl of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, alkanoyloxy of 1to 18 carbon atoms, glycidyl, or a group —CH₂CH(OH)—E where E ishydrogen, methyl or phenyl;

[0040] R₅′ and R₅″ are defined as for R₅;

[0041] X is —O—, —NH— or —NR₆—;

[0042] Z is —NH₂, —NHR₆, —N(R₆)₂ or alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms;

[0043] R₆ is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkanoyl of 1 to 8 carbonatoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbonatoms which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl ring by alkylof 1 to 4 carbon atoms, by alkoxy or 1 to 4 carbon atoms or by a mixtureof said groups; or R₆ is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or alkanoyl of 1to 8 carbon atoms substituted by —OH, by alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms,by benzophenonyl or benzophenonyloxy where one or both phenyl rings ofthe benzophenone moiety are unsubstituted or substituted by OH, byhalogen, by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, by alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbonatoms or by a mixture of such groups;

[0044] R₆′ and R₆″ are defined as for R₆; and

[0045] R₇ is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkyl of 2 to 18carbon atoms which is substituted by —NH₂, by —NHR₆, by —N(R₆)₂, bynitro, by hydroxy, by alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or by a mixture ofsaid groups; or R₇ is alkenyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5to 12 carbon atoms, or said cycloalkyl which is substituted by alkyl of1 to 4 carbon atoms or is interrupted by —O—, or R₇ is phenyl orphenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms.

[0046] In another embodiment of the invention R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄ are eachmethyl, or R₁ and R₂ together and R₃ and R₄ together are pentamethylene.

[0047] In another embodiment of the invention, R₅ is hydrogen or methyl.

[0048] In still another embodiment of the invention, R₇ is n-butyl orcyclohexyl.

[0049] Specific piperazinone compounds of formula (II) or (III) whichare useful in the instant invention include

[0050] (a)1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine;

[0051] (b)1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine;

[0052] (c) 1,2-ethane-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazin-2-on-1-yl);

[0053] (d) 7-methyl-7, 15-diazadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadecane-14-one;

[0054] (e) 1,3,3,5,5-pentamethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-ketopiperazine;

[0055] (f) 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-octyloxy-1-octyl-2-ketopiperazine;

[0056] (g) 1,3,3,5,5-pentamethyl-4-oxyl-2-ketopiperazine;

[0057] (h) 3,3,4,5,5-pentamethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-2-one;

[0058] (i)3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-cyclohexyloxy-1-[2-(dodecanoyloxy)ethyl]piperazin-2-one;

[0059] (j)bis[2-(4-cyclohexyloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2-ketopiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]sebacate; and

[0060] (k) 4-octyloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-octadecylpiperazin-2-one.

[0061] Another embodiment of the instant invention is where thepiperazinone compound of component (b)(i) is

[0062] (a)1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine;

[0063] (b)1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine;or

[0064] (c) 1,2-ethane-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazin-2-on-1-yl).

[0065] In another embodiment of the invention, the ratio by weight of(i) to (ii) is from 4:1 to 1:4.

[0066] Another embodiment of the invention is where the ratio by weightof (i) to (ii) is from 2:1 to 1:2.

[0067] In still another embodiment of the invention, the effectiveamount of the UV absorber plus the piperazinone compound in the candlewax is 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the wax.

[0068] In another embodiment of the invention the effective amount ofthe UV absorber plus piperazinone in the candle wax is 0.1 to 2% byweight based on the wax.

[0069] In still another embodiments of the invention the effectiveamount of the UV absorber plus piperazinone in the candle wax is 0.1 to0.5% by weight based on the wax.

[0070] The UV absorber of component (ii) is a benzotriazole, abenzophenone, an α-cyanoacrylate, an oxanilide, an s-triazine, acinnamate, a malonate, a benzoate or a salicylate, or a mixture thereof,with the proviso that, when the UV absorber is a benzotriazole, saidbenzotriazole has only a hydrogen atom at the 5-position of the benzoring.

[0071] In another embodiment of the invention, the UV absorber is abenzotriazole, a benzophenone or an s-triazine.

[0072] Examples of the UV absorbers useful in the instant invention are

[0073] (a) 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;

[0074] (b) 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;

[0075] (c) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0076] (d) 2-(2-hydroxy-5sert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole;

[0077] (e) 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0078] (f) octyl3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate;

[0079] (g) 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0080] (h) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0081] (i) 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0082] (j) 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0083] (k)2-(2-hydroxy-3-sec-butyl-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0084] (l) 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0085] (m) 2-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0086] (n)2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-di(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;

[0087] (o)2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;

[0088] (p)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)ethyl]-phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;and

[0089] (q)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(octyloxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;

[0090] (r) 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate;

[0091] (s) 4-methoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone;

[0092] (t) 4,4′dimethoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone;

[0093] (u)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine;

[0094] (v) 2,4-diphenyl-6-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine;

[0095] (w)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl]-s-triazine;

[0096] (x)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-5-α-cumylphenyl]-s-triazine;

[0097] (y) reaction product of2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine with octyl α-haloacetate; or

[0098] (z) the mixture of3,3;3,5;5,5-methylene-bis[2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)]-s-triazine.

[0099] Still other examples of UV absorbers useful in the instantinvention are

[0100] (a) 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;

[0101] (b) 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;

[0102] (d) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole;

[0103] (o)2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;

[0104] (p)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;

[0105] (q)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(octyloxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;

[0106] (y) reaction product of2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine with octyl α-haloacetate; or

[0107] (z) the mixture of3,3;3,5;5,5-methylene-bis[2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)]-s-triazine.

[0108] Another embodiment of the instant invention involves acomposition wherein the antioxidant is a phenolic antioxidant,phosphite, nitrone, amine oxide or hydroxylamine, or mixture thereof.

[0109] Examples of the above embodiment are those wherein the effectiveamount of UV absorber in combination with the piperazinone compound andan antioxidant is 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the wax.

[0110] Another embodiment is where the effective amount of UV absorberin combination with the piperazinone and an antioxidant is 0.1 to 2% byweight based on the wax.

[0111] Still another embodiment is where the effective amount of UVabsorber in combination with the piperazinone and an antioxidant is 0.1to 0.5% by weight based on the wax.

[0112] Examples of the antioxidants useful in this invention are

[0113] n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,

[0114] neopentanetetrayltetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinammate),

[0115] di-n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate,

[0116] 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,

[0117] thiodiethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),

[0118]1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,

[0119] 3,6-dioxaoctamethylenebis(3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),

[0120] 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,

[0121] 2,2′-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol),

[0122] 1,3,5-tris(2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,

[0123] 1,1,3,-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane,

[0124] 1,3,5-tris[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate,

[0125] 3,5-di-(3,5-di-ert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)mesitol,

[0126] hexamethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),

[0127]1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-3,5-di(octylthio)-s-triazine,

[0128]N,N′-hexamethylene-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamamide),

[0129] calcium bis(ethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate),

[0130] ethylene bis[3,3-di(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate],

[0131] octyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate,

[0132] bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazide,N,N′-bis[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy)-ethyl]oxamide,

[0133] N,N-di-(C₁₂-C₂₄alkyl)-N-methyl-amine oxide, or

[0134] N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine prepared from di(hydrogenatedtallow)amine by direct oxidation.

[0135] Still other embodiments of antioxidants useful in the instantinvention are

[0136] neopentanetetrayltetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),

[0137] n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,

[0138]1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,

[0139] 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,

[0140] 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, or

[0141] 2,2′-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol).

[0142] It should be noted that candles contain a host of variouscomponents. The base materials may be made up of the following:

[0143] paraffin wax,

[0144] natural oils,

[0145] polyamide plus fatty acid/ester,

[0146] fatty acids such as stearin,

[0147] opacifiers,

[0148] beeswax,

[0149] glycerides plus oxidized wax,

[0150] alcohols, and

[0151] ethylene oligomers.

[0152] Candles also contain a number of additives such as the following:

[0153] mold release agents,

[0154] fragrances,

[0155] insect repellants or insecticides,

[0156] hardeners,

[0157] crystal modifiers,

[0158] clarifiers,

[0159] guttering reducers,

[0160] colorants,

[0161] f.p. control agents,

[0162] stretchability improvers,

[0163] gelling agents,

[0164] extrusion aids, and

[0165] vortex reducers.

[0166] Each of the various components are meant to control or modify theproperties of the candle to insure proper burning, reduce channelling,aid in uniform melting, and the like. The colorants and fragrancesobviously are there to provide the proper color, scent or otheraesthetic appeal.

[0167] Of increasing importance are the transparent gel candles whichlook like clear glass, but which burn like a classical candle. As isdiscussed in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,694, the relevant parts ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference, these gel candles usuallycontain a copolymer selected from the group consisting of a triblock,radial block, diblock or multiblock copolymer classically made up of atleast two thermodynamically incompatible segments containing both hardand soft segments. Typical of such block copolymers is KRATON® (ShellChemical Co.) which consists of block segments of styrene monomer unitsand rubber monomer or comonomer units. The most common structure foundin KRATON® D series is a linear ABA block with styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS) or styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS).

[0168] The following examples are meant for illustrative purposes onlyand are not to be construed to limit the instant invention in any mannerwhatsoever.

[0169] Raw Materials

[0170] Wax samples are supplied by the Candle-Lite Corporation. Thesesamples contain dyes and fragrances.

[0171] The UV absorbers and hindered amine stabilizers are obtained fromthe Ciba Speciality Chemicals Corporation.

[0172] Sample Preparation

[0173] The wax samples obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation alreadycontain a dye and a fragrance (scent). In these cases, the wax is meltedand the appropriate stabilizer(s) is (are) added and dissolved in themolten wax. The stabilized wax is then poured into five (5) 44 mmdiameter aluminum pans giving five (5) wax disks.

[0174] Sample Exposure

[0175] Triplicate samples of each disk are exposed under a bank of six(6) cool-white fluorescent lamps (40 watts) or under a bank of six (6)UV lamps having a wavelength of 368 nm with the test samples beingtwelve (12) inches (30.48 cm) below the lamps.

[0176] Dye color fade (or color change) is measured by a MacbethColorEye Spectrophotometer with a 6 inch integrating sphere. Theconditions are: 10 degree observer; D65 illuminant and 8 degree viewingangle.

[0177] Initial color measurements are taken using the above parameters.The L, a and b values are calculated using the CIE system from thereflectance values. YI is calculated from the L, a and b values.Subsequent measurements are taken at specified intervals. Delta L, a, band YI values are simply the difference between the initial values andthe values at each interval. Delta(Δ) E is calculated as follows:

[(Delta L)²+(Delta a)²+(Delta b)²]^(½)=Delta E.

EXAMPLE 11,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine

[0178] This compound is a commercial stabilizer GOODRITE® 3150, obtainedfrom the Goodrite Corporation and is made by the general proceduresgiven in U.S. Pat. No. 4,547,538.

EXAMPLE 21,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine

[0179] This compound is a commercial stabilizer GOODRITE® 3159, obtainedfrom the Goodrite Corporation and is made by the general proceduresgiven in U.S. Pat. No. 4,547,538.

EXAMPLE 3 1,2-ethane-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazin-2-on-1-yl)

[0180] This compound is a commercial stabilizer GOODRITE® 3034, obtainedfrom the Goodrite Corporation and is made by the general proceduresgiven in U.S. Pat. No. 4,547,538.

EXAMPLE 4 Color Fade of Pink Scented Candle Wax Under Fluorescent LampExposure

[0181] A variety of different stabilizers are evaluated in pink scentedcandle wax obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation under fluorescentlamp exposure. The ΔE values represent the change in color after theindicated days of exposure. A low ΔE value indicates less change incolor and is highly desired. ΔE after Sample* (wt % add) 35 days Blank(no add) 13.66 A (0.3%) 10.04 D (0.3%) 9.37 B (0.15%) + 7.12 C (0.15%) A(0.15%) + 3.96 D (0.15%) G (0.15%) + 2.78 F (0.15%) H (0.15%) + 2.46 C(0.15%) G (0.15%) + 1.80 E (0.15%)

[0182] These data show that a piperazinone compound (Compound G or H) incombination with a UV absorber protects the pink scented candle wax fromunwanted discoloration far better than conventional stabilizer systems.

EXAMPLE 5 Color Fade of Pink Scented Candle Wax Under UV Lamp Exposure

[0183] A variety of different stabilizers are evaluated in pink scentedcandle wax obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation under UV lampexposure. The ΔE values represent the change in color after theindicated days of exposure. A low ΔE value indicates less change incolor and is highly desired. ΔE after Sample* (wt % add) 37 days Blank(no add) 20.27 D (0.3%) 15.88 A (0.15%) + 7.32 D (0.15%) B (0.15%) 9.62C (0.15%) H (0.15%) + 4.83 C (0.15%) G (0.15%) + 2.88 E (0.15%)

[0184] These data show that a piperazinone compound (Compound G or H) incombination with a UV absorber protects the pink scented candle wax fromunwanted discoloration far better than conventional stabilizer systems.

EXAMPLE 6 Color Fade of Gray Scented Candle Wax Under Fluorescent LampExposure

[0185] A variety of different stabilizers are evaluated in gray scentedcandle wax obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation under fluorescentlamp exposure. The ΔE values represent the change in color after theindicated days of exposure. A low ΔE value indicates less change incolor and is highly desired. ΔE after Sample* (wt % add) 34 days Blank(no add) 16.01 A (0.3%) 11.26 I (0.3%) 11.32 B (0.15%) + 8.52 C (0.15%)A (0.15%) + 3.16 I (0.15%) H (0.15%) + 2.76 A (0.15%)

[0186] These data show that a piperazinone compound (Compound H) incombination with a UV absorber protects the gray scented candle wax fromunwanted discoloration far better than conventional stabilizer systems.

EXAMPLE 7 Color Fade of Gray Scented Candle Wax Under UV Lamp Exposure

[0187] A variety of different stabilizers are evaluated in gray scentedcandle wax obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation under UV lampexposure. The ΔE values represent the change in color after theindicated days of exposure. A low ΔE value indicates less change incolor and is highly desired. ΔE after Sample* (wt % add) 26 days Blank(no add) 29.81 I (0.3%) 25.37 A (0.3%) 9.45 B (0.15%) + 10.27 C (0.15%)A (0.15%) + 4.81 I (0.15%) H (0.15%) + 3.71 A (0.15%)

[0188] These data show that a piperazinone compound (Compound H) incombination with a UV absorber protects the gray scented candle wax fromunwanted discoloration far better than conventional stabilizer systems.

EXAMPLE 8 Color Fade of White Scented Candle Wax Under Fluorescent LampExposure

[0189] A variety of different stabilizers are evaluated in white scentedcandle wax obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation under fluorescentlamp exposure. The ΔE values represent the change in color after theindicated days of exposure. A low ΔE value indicates less change incolor and is highly desired. ΔE after Sample* (wt % add) 33 days Blank(no add) 34.68 A (0.3%) 30.74 D (0.3%) 32.86 B (0.15%) + 21.24 C (0.15%)A (0.15%) + 30.31 D (0.15%) B (0.15%) + 25.09 D (0.15%) G (0.15%) +17.23 E (0.15%)

[0190] These data show that a piperazinone compound (Compound G) incombination with a UV absorber protects the white scented candle waxfrom unwanted discoloration far better than conventional stabilizersystems.

EXAMPLE 9

[0191] Green scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofdimethyl p-methoxy-benzylidenemalonate, SANDUVOR® PR 25, in combinationwith 0.2% by weight of7-methyl-7,15-diazadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadecane-14-one.

EXAMPLE 10

[0192] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofdi(1,2,2,6,6-penta-methylpiperidin-4-yl) p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate,SANDUVOR® PR 31, in combination with 0.1% by weight of1,3,3,5,5-pentamethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-ketopiperazine.

EXAMPLE 11

[0193] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofdimethyl di(p-chloro-phenyl)methylenemalonate in combination with 0.1%by weight of 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-octyl-oxy-1-octyl-2-ketopiperazine.

EXAMPLE 12

[0194] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofdimethyl di(p-methoxyphenyl)methylenemalonate in combination with 0.2%by weight of 1,3,3,5,5-penta-methyl-4-oxyl-2-ketopiperazine.

EXAMPLE 13

[0195] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone in combination with 0.1% byweight of 3,3,4,5,5-pentamethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-2-one.

EXAMPLE 14

[0196] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of4-tert-butylphenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate in combination with 0.1% by weightof3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-cyclohexyloxy-1-[2-(dodecanoyloxy)ethyl]piperazin-2-one.

EXAMPLE 15

[0197] Yellow unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weightof 2-ethoxy-2-ethyl-oxanilide in combination with 0.1% by weight ofbis[2-(4-cyclohexyloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2-ketopiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]sebacate.

EXAMPLE 16

[0198] Yellow unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weightof 3-hydroxyphenyl benzoate in combination with 0.2% by weight of4-octyloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-octadecyl-piperazin-2-one.

EXAMPLE 17

[0199] Blue unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofdodecyl 3-phenyl-3-methyl-α-cyanoacrylate in combination with 0.1% byweight of1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine.

EXAMPLE 18

[0200] Blue unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofdodecyl 3,3-diphenyl-α-cyanoacrylate in combination with 0.2% by weightof1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine.

EXAMPLE 19

[0201] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole, TINUVIN® 1130, CIBA, incombination with 2% by weight of1,2-ethane-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-piperazin-2-on-1-yl).

EXAMPLE 20

[0202] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole,TINUVIN® 928, CIBA, in combination with 0.2% by weight of7-methyl-7,15-diazadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadecane-14-one.

EXAMPLE 21

[0203] Red scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, TINUVIN® P, CIBA, incombination with 0.1% by weight of1,3,3,5,5-pentamethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-ketopiperazine.

EXAMPLE 22

[0204] Green scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofoctyl 3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,TINUVIN® 384, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight of3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-octyloxy-1-octyl-2-ketopiperazine.

EXAMPLE 23

[0205] Green scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofoctyl 3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,TINUVIN® 384, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight of1,3,3,5,5-pentamethyl-4-oxyl-2-ketopiperazine.

EXAMPLE 24

[0206] Blue scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole, TINUVIN® 329, CIBA, incombination with 0.1% by weight of3,3,4,5,5-pentamethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-2-one.

EXAMPLE 25

[0207] Blue scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of4-octyloxy-2-hydroxy-benzophenone in combination with 0.1% by weight of3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-cyclohexyloxy-1-[2-(dodecanoyloxy)ethyl]piperazin-2-one.

EXAMPLE 26

[0208] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate in combination with 0.1% by weight ofbis[2-(4-cyclohexyloxy-3,3,5,5-tetra-methyl-2-ketopiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]sebacate.

EXAMPLE 27

[0209] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′dihydroxybenzophenone in combination with 0.1% byweight of 4-octyloxy-3,3,5,5-tetra-methyl-1-octadecylpiperazin-2-one.

EXAMPLE 28

[0210] Yellow unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weightof 2-ethoxy-2′-ethyl-5,4′-di-tert-butyloxanilide in combination with0.1% by weight of1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine.

EXAMPLE 29

[0211] Yellow unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weightof2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-s-triazine,TINUVIN® 400, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight of1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine.

EXAMPLE 30

[0212] Blue scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-5-α-cumylphenyl]-s-triazinein combination with 0.1% by weight of1,2-ethane-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazin-2-on-1-yl).

EXAMPLE 31

[0213] Blue unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazinein combination with 0.1% by weight of1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4,4-(1-oxa-2,4-dioxo-3-dodecyliminotetramethylene)piperidine,TINUVIN® 440, CIBA, and 0.1% by weight of7-methyl-7,15-diazadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadecane-14-one.

EXAMPLE 32

[0214] Blue unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-s-triazine,TINUVIN® 400, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight ofbis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, TINUVIN® 292, CIBA,and 0.1% by weight of1,3,3,5,5-pentamethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-keto-piperazine.

EXAMPLE 33

[0215] White unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weightof 4-tert-octylphenyl2-hydroxybenzoate in combination with 2% by weightof 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-octyloxy-1-octyl-2-ketopiperazine.

EXAMPLE 34

[0216] White unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weightof 3-hydroxyphenyl benzoate in combination with 0.1% by weight of octyl3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, TINUVIN®384, CIBA, and 0.1% by weight of1,3,3,5,5-pentamethyl-4-oxyl-2-ketopiperazine.

EXAMPLE 35

[0217] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofdodecyl 3,3-diphenyl-α-cyanoacrylate in combination with 0.1% by weightof2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-s-triazine,TINUVIN® 400, CIBA, and 0.1% by weight of3,3,4,5,5-pentamethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-2-one.

EXAMPLE 36

[0218] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofpentaerythrityl tetrakis[3,3-diphenyl-α-cyanoacrylate] in combinationwith 0.2% by weight of3,3,5,5-tetra-methyl-4-cyclohexyloxy-1-[2-(dodecanoyloxy)ethyl]piperazin-2-one.

EXAMPLE 37

[0219] Red scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofoctyl 3-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-α-cyanoacrylate in combination with0.2% by weight ofbis[2-(4-cyclohexyloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-2-ketopiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]sebacate.

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition which comprises (a) candle waxwhich is white and unscented; white and scented; dyed and unscented;dyed and scented; dipped and unscented; or dipped and scented, and (b)an effective stabilizing amount of a combination of (i) a piperazinonecompound of formula (III) and

(ii) a UV absorber or an antioxidant, or a UV absorber and anantioxidant wherein the ratio by weight of (i) to (ii) is from 10:1 to1:10, and with the proviso that, when the UV absorber is abenzotriazole, said benzotriazole has only a hydrogen atom at the5-position of the benzo ring, wherein R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄ areindependently alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted byone or two hydroxyl groups; or R₁ and R₂ together or R₃ and R₄ togetheror R₁ and R₂ together and R₃ and R₄ together are tetramethylene,pentamethylene or pentamethylene substituted by methyl; R₁′, R₂′, R₃′and R₄′ and R₁″, R₂″, R₃″ and R₄″are defined as for R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄;R₅ is hydrogen, oxyl, hydroxyl, cyanoethyl, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15carbon atoms, said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one tothree radicals selected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenylalkoxy of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, saidphenylalkoxy substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three radicalsselected from alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbonatoms, cycloalkoxy of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 8 carbonatoms, alkynyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 24 carbon atoms,alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted by one or twohydroxyl groups, said alkyl substituted by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18carbon atoms, or said alkyl interrupted by one to twenty oxygen atomsand substituted by one hydroxyl, by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18 carbonatoms or by 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyloxy; or R₅ is alkanoyl of1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenoyl of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, alkanoyloxy of 1to 18 carbon atoms, glycidyl, or a group —CH₂CH(OH)—E where E ishydrogen, methyl or phenyl; R₅′ and R₅″ are defined as for R₅; R₆ isalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkanoyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms,cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atomswhich is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl ring by alkyl of 1to 4 carbon atoms, by alkoxy or 1 to 4 carbon atoms or by a mixture ofsaid groups; or R₆ is alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or alkanoyl of 1 to 8carbon atoms substituted by -OH, by alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, bybenzophenonyl or benzophenonyloxy where one or both phenyl rings of thebenzophenone moiety are unsubstituted or substituted by OH, by halogen,by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, by alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or bya mixture of such groups; and R₆′ and R₆″ are defined as for R₆.
 2. Acomposition according to claim 1 where in the compound of formula (III),R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₁′, R₂′, R₃′, R₄′, R₁″, R₂″, R₃″ and R₄″are eachmethyl, or R₁ and R₂ together and R₃ and R₄ together are pentamethyleneor R₁′ and R₂′ together and R₃′ and R₄′ together are pentamethylene orR₁″ and R₂″ together and R₃″ and R₄″ together are pentamethylene.
 3. Acomposition according to claim 1 where in the compound of formula (III),R₅, R₅′ and R₅″ are hydrogen or methyl.
 4. A composition according toclaim 1 where in the compound of formula (III), R₆, R₆′ and R₆″ aren-butyl or cyclohexyl.
 5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein thepiperazinone compound of formula (III) is (a)1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazineor (b)1,3,5-tris{N-cyclohexyl-N-[2-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-s-triazine.6. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the ratio by weight of (i)to (ii) is from 4:1 to 1:4.
 7. A composition according to claim 6wherein the ratio by weight of (i) to (ii) is from 2:1 to 1:2.
 8. Acomposition according to claim 1 wherein the effective amount of the UVabsorber plus the piperazinone compound in the candle wax is 0.01 to 10%by weight based on the wax.
 9. A composition according to claim 8wherein the effective amount of the UV absorber plus piperazinone in thecandle wax is 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the wax.
 10. A compositionaccording to claim 9 wherein the effective amount of the UV absorberplus piperazinone in the candle wax is 0.1 to 0.5% by weight based onthe wax.
 11. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the UV absorberof component (ii) is a benzotriazole, a benzophenone, anα-cyanoacrylate, an oxanilide, an s-triazine, a cinnamate, a malonate, abenzoate or a salicylate, or a mixture thereof.
 12. A compositionaccording to claim 11 wherein the UV absorber is a benzotriazole, abenzophenone or an s-triazine.
 13. A composition according to claim 11wherein the UV absorber is (a) 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone; (b)4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone; (c)2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (d)2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole; (e)2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (f) octyl3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate; (g)2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (h)2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (i)2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (j)2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (k)2-(2-hydroxy-3-sec-butyl-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (l)2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (m)2-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (n)2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-di(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole; (o)2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;(p)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)ethyl]-phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;and (q)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(octyloxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole; (r) 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate; (s)4-methoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone; (t)4,4′dimethoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone; (u)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine;(v) 2,4-diphenyl-6-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine; (w)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl]-s-triazine; (x)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-5-α-cumylphenyl]-s-triazine;(y) reaction product of 2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine withoctyl α-haloacetate; or (z) the mixture of3,3;3,5;5,5-methylene-bis[2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)]-s-triazine.14. A composition according to claim 13 wherein the UV absorber is (a)4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone; (b) 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;(d) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole; (o)2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;(p)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)ethyl]-phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;(q) 2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(octyloxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole; (y) reaction product of2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine with octyl α-haloacetate; or(z) the mixture of3,3;3,5;5,5-methylene-bis[2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)]-s-triazine.15. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition containsan antioxidant.
 16. A composition according to claim 15 wherein theantioxidant is a phenolic antioxidant, phosphite, nitrone, amine oxideor hydroxylamine, or mixture thereof.
 17. A composition according toclaim 1 wherein the effective amount of UV absorber in combination withthe piperazinone and an antioxidant is 0.01 to 10% by weight based onthe wax.
 18. A composition according to claim 17 wherein the effectiveamount of UV absorber in combination with the piperazinone and anantioxidant is 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the wax.
 19. A compositionaccording to claim 18 wherein the effective amount of UV absorber incombination with the piperazinone and an antioxidant is 0.1 to 0.5% byweight based on the wax.
 20. A composition according to claim 15 whereinthe antioxidant is n-octadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, neopentanetetrayltetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinammate), di-n-octadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate,1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,thiodiethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,3,6-dioxaoctamethylenebis(3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,2,2′-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol),1,3,5-tris(2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate,1,1,3,-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane,1,3,5-tris[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate, 3,5-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)mesitol,hexamethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-3,5-di(octylthio)-s-triazine,N,N′-hexamethylene-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamamide),calcium bis(ethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate),ethylene bis[3,3-di(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], octyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate,bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazide,N,N-di-(C₁₄-C₂₄alkyl)-N-methylamine oxide, or N,N-dialkylhydroxylamineprepared from di(hydrogenated tallow)amine by direct oxidation.
 21. Acomposition according to claim 20 wherein the antioxidant isneopentanetetrayl tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, or2,2′-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol).